VERDICT: Visual Extraction-Result Decoder with Integrated Confidence and Traceable Evidence

Paper · https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23933

arXiv:2610.23933v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enterprises run schema-guided structured field extraction on documents with frontier multimodal models, and accuracy keeps improving as new models and systems arrive. Two things have not kept pace: the evidence for each extracted value, meaning the location of the document it was read from, and how far to trust the value and that evidence. Neither is a component of most extraction systems today, so we build them as a framework that attaches to an existing extractor and leaves it untouched. We present VERDICT, a plug-in framework that uses a small Vision--Language Model (VLM) to ground/localize the evidence once per document over a fixed external extractor's output, then calibrates value and evidence confidence. Fine-tuning the VLM for evidence localization substantially improves visual evidence quality and, more importantly, expands VERDICT's selective-prediction operating range. At a strict confidence threshold $0.80$, VERDICT with the fine-tuned VLM gives usable precision--coverage trade-offs for both value and evidence confidence across the in-distribution and out of distribution datasets, whereas the frozen setting often collapses to little or no coverage. Running an open-weight VLM for localization rather than a closed API makes its internal states available to the calibrator, and they are worth more than output log-probabilities: in-distribution AUROC rises from $0.730$ to $0.914$ for value confidence and from $0.681$ to $0.906$ for evidence confidence. This advantage does not survive a distribution shift. We show that the signal is displaced rather than destroyed, and that labeling roughly $120$ fields from the target dataset takes evidence confidence from $0.641$ to $0.905$ on one dataset and from $0.675$ to $0.829$ on the other.

First seen by Oriel on Oct 20, 2026, 05:50 UTC.